Geotechnical study in Cúllar

In Cúllar, the subsurface is characterised mainly by the presence of slates and schists, occasionally accompanied by compact gravels and sands, as well as gypsum, anhydrite and salts. As slates and schists are metamorphic rocks, they provide a high bearing capacity, which generally favours shallow (direct) foundation. However, the presence of gypsum and salts represents a potential risk of dissolution, a factor that must be considered to prevent differential settlement. In addition, the formations of compact gravels and sands can provide favourable conditions for shallow foundations, whereas soft soils such as fine sands and silts require additional caution in the design of supports.

With regard to seismic hazard, Cúllar is located in a zone of moderate seismicity, with 42 recorded events in the last 30 years and a Mmax of 4, which, although not requiring extraordinary measures, suggests including the seismic effect in structural design calculations. It is important to note that the non-clayey substratum rules out the possibility of expansivity, eliminating this risk for foundations. The existence of karst formations makes it necessary to check for the presence of cavities before any intervention, as these may compromise ground stability. In this setting, the main limiting factor will be the possible presence of karst and areas with soluble gypsum.