Geotechnical study in Alcalá de los Gazules

In Alcalá de los Gazules, the dominant materials correspond to sandstones, conglomerates and flysch, with a significant presence of compact gravels and sands. These soils are usually characterised by adequate bearing capacity for most types of shallow foundation, although the localised presence of fine sands and silts requires specific assessment of strength and compaction to prevent excessive settlement. Limestones, dolomites and marbles, although less frequent, can provide competent substrates, but require particular attention due to their karstic nature and the possible presence of cavities or discontinuities.

Seismic activity in the area is moderate, with 44 recorded events over the last 30 years and a maximum magnitude of 4, which implies considering minor seismic actions in structural design. The absence of expansive clays removes risks associated with expansivity, and the non-clayey nature of the substrate provides additional stability. However, the main constraint is the distribution of carbonated materials and the possible existence of karst, which must be verified through direct investigations before executing deep or shallow foundations, to ensure the safety and functionality of the designed structure.